Non-Structural Protein NSm of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Is an Avirulence Factor Recognized by Resistance Genes of Tobacco and Tomato via Different Elicitor Active Sites

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is one of the most destructive viral pathogens of plants.Recently, a single dominant gene conferring complete resistance to TSWV (RTSW) was identified in Nicotina alata and introgressed into cultivated tobacco (N.tabacum).However, whether the TSWV carries an avirulence (Avr) factor directed against RTSW remains obsc

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Biological topicals in ocular surface disorders

Topical biological agents represent a significant advancement in the treatment of ocular surface diseases, offering a regenerative and therapeutic approach beyond conventional therapies.These agents are derived from serum (autologous or allogeneic), platelets, amniotic membrane, and pooled intravenous immunoglobulin.Their efficacy stems from their

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